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Rain Gutters Are Not Just For Drips
 James Strang
Rain gutters for homes and buildings serve two primary purposes and have an money-saving secondary purpose. Their main purpose is to keep rainwater from falling off the eaves of a structure and onto passersby who happen to wander too close to the building. Gutters also channel runoff and direct it away from a building's foundation. Of minor, though significant, importance is that rainwater runoff can be collected and reused, lowering water bills and conserving resources.
The Basics of Rain Gutters
A guttering system comprises the channel, the downspout, and the attaching (or mounting) system. The channeled water empties into a collection cistern or storm drain.
Gutter Channels
Gutter channels are available in different sizes and profiles. The ogee profile, sometimes referred to as a "K" shape, is the most common. The "U" profile runs a close second. Gutter channels average about five inches in diameter, as this is the optimum width and depth for water movement. It is also the most effective size for preventing channel clogs. Gutters are attached to a structure with a slope of 1/4in. per 10ft.
Gutter Downspouts
Constructed of the same material as the gutter (metal, vinyl, cedar), downspouts connect underneath the channel and direct water to a cistern or drain. While the downspouts of some systems may direct water to a splash block or onto the ground, this is not recommended for buildings with improper grading around their foundations.
Gutter Attaching System
Different systems are used for attaching rain gutters to a building's eaves. The most common are bracket systems, or ferrule and spike systems. Hidden hanger brackets are the preferred method. Spike and ferrule systems are effective, but are prone to separating from the eaves. Although gutters can be attached to a structure at any time, it is best to do so when the roof is being replaced or reshingled.
Drainage Systems
Underground systems of pipes or French drains are typical and are needed to direct water away from a building's foundation. This is especially important if the structure has a basement in order to prevent flooding. If the grading around the structure is proper and sound, water can exit the downspout directly onto the ground or onto a splash block to prevent erosion.
Collection Systems
Oftentimes downspouts are configured to empty water into cisterns or barrels. This is a strategic conservation method. If a draw-off system such as a tap or a hose is attached to the collection barrel, the water is easily accessed and can be used to help lower lawn and garden maintenance costs.. A proper rain gutter system can deliver several hundred gallons of good water from a rainfall total of less than half an inch.
A well-constructed and installed rain gutter system is a practical and economical addition to a home or other building. It will keep water off friends, family, and clients, prevent damage to a foundation, and runoff can be collected and re-purposed for landscaping applications.
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